大纲要求:形容词与副词掌握比较级的构成及其用法。
一、形容词在句子中的作用
1、形容词在句子中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
A good boy must behave himself. 好孩子应当行为规矩。(定语)
She is beautiful. (表语)
I’ve got everything ready for the class. (宾语补足语)
I said it would happen, and sure enough it did happen.(独立成分)
2、大多数形容词既可作定语又可作表语,但有少数形容词只能作表语。
This is a red dress. The dress is red.
alike, afraid, alone, asleep, awake, aware, alive, ashamed, unable, content.
二、副词在句子中的作用
副词在句子中主要作状语,可以修饰动词、形容词、副词,有时修饰整个句子。
Unfortunately, he wasn’t at home when I came. (修饰整个句子)
Her pronunciation is very good.(修饰形容词)
I can hardly agree with you.(修饰动词)
He works terribly (quite) hard. (修饰副词)
三、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
1.单音节词和少数双音节词(如以y结尾的)在词尾加-er , -est.
如:small, smaller, smallest; great, greater, greatest; clever, cleverer, cleverest; quiet, quieter, quietest ; common, commoner, commonest; narrow, narrower, narrowest.
2、以e结尾的词加-r , -st .
如:larger, larger , largest ; simple, simpler , simplest ; polite, politer , politest; brave, braver, bravest; fine, finer, finest.
3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i 再加-er , -est .
如:busy,busier, busiest; heavy,heavier, heaviest; happy,happier, happiest.
4、以一个辅音字母结尾的词,双写该辅音字母,再加-er, -est .(一个辅音字母结尾;重读闭音节)
如:big,bigger, biggest; thin,thinner, thinnest; hot,hotter, hottest.
双音节词,多音节词比较级和最高级在词前加more, most.
如:difficult, more difficult, most difficult, interesting, more interesting, most interesting; useful, more useful, most useful.
特殊的比较级和最高级
四、形容词和副词比较级的用法
1、比较级常与than引导的状语从句连用,表示与什么相比。
This room is bigger than any other one in the hotel.
为了避免重复,从句常用一些代词。
比较必须是两个相同的成分。
Everyday he arrives earlier than anyone else in the company.
包括:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词及其用法。
一、人称代词
人称代词有第一、第二、第三人称和单数、复数之分,在句子中可以作主语和宾语。英语中有下列人称代词:
在并列的主语或宾语中,I或me 通常放在后面。如:
My farther asks my sister and me to have dinner with him tomorrow.
二、物主代词
物主代词有形容词型与名词型之分。形容词型物主代词在句子中作定语,名词型物主代词在句子中主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语(接在of 后面)。英语中有下列物主代词:
名词型的物主代词相当于形容词型的物主代词加上上文出现的名词。如:
My bag is yellow,his(his bag) is black and theirs(their bags) are brown.
三、反身代词
英语中有下列反身代词:
反身代词在句子中可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。如:
Please help yourself to some tea.(宾语)
Ill be myself again in no time.(表语)
The desk itself is not so heavy. (同位语)
四、指示代词
指示代词包括this, that, these, those 和such, 在句子中可以作主语、定语、表语、宾语等(such不作宾语)。
that和those有时分别用来代表前面提到的不可数名词和名词复数,以避免重复。而可数名词单数往往用the one 或that one 来代替。用the one 的时候更多一些。如:
These machines are better than those we turned out last year. 生产
that 可以指上面提到的事情,this指下面要谈的事情。如:
They have no time to read the books. That’s their trouble.
this 和that 有时还可以用来表示程度。如:
I don’t want that much.
1、不定式前置
To make high scores[B] To make low goal[C] To the high scores[D] Make the low goals
2、上述形式一般情况不多见,作为考试的规范英语,如果不定式较长,显得头重脚轻,则可由代词“it”作形式主语(形式主语“it”不能由“that”或“this”等其他代词代替),而将不定式放到后面
It is really a hard nut to get high scores in the matriculation for postgraduate in a short time.
3、不定式后置的情况不仅限于动词是系动词,也适用于其他动词
It took us a great deal of efforts to finish that task.
4、不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的,即不定式的逻辑主语,通常可以在特定的上下文中能看出,也可以通过带“for +名词短语”辨出
It is quite important for us to read good books during the period of general review(总复习)。
5、
在某些形容词(如careless,clever,considerate,foolish,good,impolite,kind,naughty,nice,silly,stupid等)作表语时,不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语
It is very kind of you to help me./It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing.
间或也可用for + there to be 表示(而且there后面的不定式只能是to be)。
It's a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.